本文基于第 13 代英特爾 酷睿 i5-13490F 型號(hào)CPU 驗(yàn)證，對(duì)于量化后模型，你只需要在16G 的筆記本電腦上就可體驗(yàn)生成過(guò)程（最佳體驗(yàn)為 32G 內(nèi)存）。

SDXL-Turbo 是一個(gè)快速的生成式文本到圖像模型，可以通過(guò)單次網(wǎng)絡(luò)評(píng)估從文本提示中合成逼真的圖像。SDXL-Turbo 采用了一種稱為 Adversarial Diffusion Distillation (ADD) 的新型訓(xùn)練方法（詳見(jiàn)技術(shù)報(bào)告），該方法可以在 1 到 4 個(gè)步驟中對(duì)大規(guī)模基礎(chǔ)圖像擴(kuò)散模型進(jìn)行采樣，并保持高質(zhì)量的圖像。通過(guò)最新版本（2023.2）OpenVINO工具套件的強(qiáng)大推理能力及NNCF 的高效神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)壓縮能力，我們能夠在兩秒內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)SDXL-Turbo 圖像的高速、高質(zhì)量生成。

01

環(huán)境安裝

在開(kāi)始之前，我們需要安裝所有環(huán)境依賴：

%pip install --extra-index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu 
torch transformers diffusers nncf optimum-intel gradio openvino==2023.2.0 onnx 
"git+https://github.com/huggingface/optimum-intel.git"

02

下載、轉(zhuǎn)換模型

首先我們要把huggingface 下載的原始模型轉(zhuǎn)化為OpenVINO IR，以便后續(xù)的NNCF 工具鏈進(jìn)行量化工作。轉(zhuǎn)換完成后你將得到對(duì)應(yīng)的text_encode、unet、vae 模型。

from pathlib import Path


model_dir = Path("./sdxl_vino_model")
sdxl_model_id = "stabilityai/sdxl-turbo"
skip_convert_model = model_dir.exists()

import os
if not skip_convert_model:
  # 設(shè)置下載路徑到當(dāng)前文件夾，并加速下載
  os.environ['HF_ENDPOINT'] = 'https://hf-mirror.com'
  os.system(f'optimum-cli export openvino --model {sdxl_model_id} --task stable-diffusion-xl {model_dir} --fp16')
os.environ['HF_ENDPOINT'] = 'https://hf-mirror.com'
tae_id = "madebyollin/taesdxl"
save_path = './taesdxl'
os.system(f'huggingface-cli download --resume-download {tae_id} --local-dir {save_path}')

import torch
import openvino as ov
from diffusers import AutoencoderTiny
import gc


class VAEEncoder(torch.nn.Module):
  def __init__(self, vae):
    super().__init__()
    self.vae = vae


  def forward(self, sample):
    return self.vae.encode(sample)
  
class VAEDecoder(torch.nn.Module):
  def __init__(self, vae):
    super().__init__()
    self.vae = vae


  def forward(self, latent_sample):
    return self.vae.decode(latent_sample)


def convert_tiny_vae(save_path, output_path):
  tiny_vae = AutoencoderTiny.from_pretrained(save_path)
  tiny_vae.eval()
  vae_encoder = VAEEncoder(tiny_vae)
  ov_model = ov.convert_model(vae_encoder, example_input=torch.zeros((1,3,512,512)))
  ov.save_model(ov_model, output_path / "vae_encoder/openvino_model.xml")
  tiny_vae.save_config(output_path / "vae_encoder")
  vae_decoder = VAEDecoder(tiny_vae)
  ov_model = ov.convert_model(vae_decoder, example_input=torch.zeros((1,4,64,64)))
  ov.save_model(ov_model, output_path / "vae_decoder/openvino_model.xml")
  tiny_vae.save_config(output_path / "vae_decoder")  


convert_tiny_vae(save_path, model_dir)

03

從文本到圖像生成

現(xiàn)在，我們就可以進(jìn)行文本到圖像的生成了，我們使用優(yōu)化后的openvino pipeline 加載轉(zhuǎn)換后的模型文件并推理；只需要指定一個(gè)文本輸入，就可以生成我們想要的圖像結(jié)果。

from optimum.intel.openvino import OVStableDiffusionXLPipeline
device='AUTO' # 這里直接指定AUTO，可以寫(xiě)成CPU
model_dir = "./sdxl_vino_model"
text2image_pipe = OVStableDiffusionXLPipeline.from_pretrained(model_dir, device=device)

import numpy as np
prompt = "cute cat"
image = text2image_pipe(prompt, num_inference_steps=1, height=512, width=512, guidance_scale=0.0, generator=np.random.RandomState(987)).images[0]
image.save("cat.png")
image

# 清除資源占用
import gc
del text2image_pipe
gc.collect()

04

從圖片到圖片生成

我們還可以實(shí)現(xiàn)從圖片到圖片的擴(kuò)散模型生成，將剛才產(chǎn)出的文生圖圖片進(jìn)行二次圖像生成即可。

from optimum.intel import OVStableDiffusionXLImg2ImgPipeline
model_dir = "./sdxl_vino_model"
device='AUTO' # 'CPU'
image2image_pipe = OVStableDiffusionXLImg2ImgPipeline.from_pretrained(model_dir, device=device)

  Compiling the vae_decoder to AUTO ...
  Compiling the unet to AUTO ...
  Compiling the vae_encoder to AUTO ...
  Compiling the text_encoder_2 to AUTO ...
  Compiling the text_encoder to AUTO ...

photo_prompt = "a cute cat with bow tie"
photo_image = image2image_pipe(photo_prompt, image=image, num_inference_steps=2, generator=np.random.RandomState(511), guidance_scale=0.0, strength=0.5).images[0]
photo_image.save("cat_tie.png")
photo_image

05

量化

NNCF(Neural Network Compression Framework) 是一款神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)壓縮框架，通過(guò)對(duì) OpenVINO IR 格式模型的壓縮與量化以便更好的提升模型在英特爾設(shè)備上部署的推理性能。

[NNCF]：

https://github.com/openvinotoolkit/nncf/

[NNCF] 通過(guò)在模型圖中添加量化層，并使用訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)集的子集來(lái)微調(diào)這些額外的量化層的參數(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了后訓(xùn)練量化。量化后的權(quán)重結(jié)果將是INT8 而不是FP32/FP16，從而加快了模型的推理速度。

根據(jù)SDXL-Turbo Model 的結(jié)構(gòu)，UNet 模型占據(jù)了整個(gè)流水線執(zhí)行時(shí)間的重要部分。現(xiàn)在我們將展示如何使用[NNCF] 對(duì)UNet 部分進(jìn)行優(yōu)化，以減少計(jì)算成本并加快流水線速度。至于其余部分不需要量化，因?yàn)椴⒉荒茱@著提高推理性能，但可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致準(zhǔn)確性的大幅降低。

量化過(guò)程包含以下步驟：

- 為量化創(chuàng)建一個(gè)校準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)集。

- 運(yùn)行nncf.quantize() 來(lái)獲取量化模型。

- 使用openvino.save_model() 函數(shù)保存INT8 模型。

注：由于量化需要一定的硬件資源（64G 以上的內(nèi)存），之后我直接附上了量化后的模型，你可以直接下載使用。

from pathlib import Path
import openvino as ov
from optimum.intel.openvino import OVStableDiffusionXLPipeline
import os


core = ov.Core()
model_dir = Path("./sdxl_vino_model")
UNET_INT8_OV_PATH = model_dir / "optimized_unet" / "openvino_model.xml"


import datasets
import numpy as np
from tqdm import tqdm
from transformers import set_seed
from typing import Any, Dict, List


set_seed(1)


class CompiledModelDecorator(ov.CompiledModel):
  def __init__(self, compiled_model: ov.CompiledModel, data_cache: List[Any] = None):
    super().__init__(compiled_model)
    self.data_cache = data_cache if data_cache else []


  def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
    self.data_cache.append(*args)
    return super().__call__(*args, **kwargs)


def collect_calibration_data(pipe, subset_size: int) -> List[Dict]:
  original_unet = pipe.unet.request
  pipe.unet.request = CompiledModelDecorator(original_unet)
  dataset = datasets.load_dataset("conceptual_captions", split="train").shuffle(seed=42)


  # Run inference for data collection
  pbar = tqdm(total=subset_size)
  diff = 0
  for batch in dataset:
    prompt = batch["caption"]
    if len(prompt) > pipe.tokenizer.model_max_length:
      continue
    _ = pipe(
      prompt,
      num_inference_steps=1,
      height=512,
      width=512,
      guidance_scale=0.0,
      generator=np.random.RandomState(987)
    )
    collected_subset_size = len(pipe.unet.request.data_cache)
    if collected_subset_size >= subset_size:
      pbar.update(subset_size - pbar.n)
      break
    pbar.update(collected_subset_size - diff)
    diff = collected_subset_size


  calibration_dataset = pipe.unet.request.data_cache
  pipe.unet.request = original_unet
  return calibration_dataset

if not UNET_INT8_OV_PATH.exists():
  text2image_pipe = OVStableDiffusionXLPipeline.from_pretrained(model_dir)
  unet_calibration_data = collect_calibration_data(text2image_pipe, subset_size=200)

import nncf
from nncf.scopes import IgnoredScope


UNET_OV_PATH = model_dir / "unet" / "openvino_model.xml"
if not UNET_INT8_OV_PATH.exists():
  unet = core.read_model(UNET_OV_PATH)
  quantized_unet = nncf.quantize(
    model=unet,
    model_type=nncf.ModelType.TRANSFORMER,
    calibration_dataset=nncf.Dataset(unet_calibration_data),
    ignored_scope=IgnoredScope(
      names=[
        "__module.model.conv_in/aten::_convolution/Convolution",
        "__module.model.up_blocks.2.resnets.2.conv_shortcut/aten::_convolution/Convolution",
        "__module.model.conv_out/aten::_convolution/Convolution"
      ],
    ),
  )
  ov.save_model(quantized_unet, UNET_INT8_OV_PATH)

06

運(yùn)行量化后模型

由于量化unet 的過(guò)程需要的內(nèi)存可能比較大，且耗時(shí)較長(zhǎng)，我提前導(dǎo)出了量化后unet 模型，此處給出下載地址：

鏈接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1WMAsgFFkKKp-EAS6M1wK1g

提取碼: psta

下載后解壓到目標(biāo)文件夾`sdxl_vino_model` 即可運(yùn)行量化后的int8 unet 模型。

從文本到圖像生成

from pathlib import Path
import openvino as ov
from optimum.intel.openvino import OVStableDiffusionXLPipeline
import numpy as np


core = ov.Core()
model_dir = Path("./sdxl_vino_model")
UNET_INT8_OV_PATH = model_dir / "optimized_unet" / "openvino_model.xml"
int8_text2image_pipe = OVStableDiffusionXLPipeline.from_pretrained(model_dir, compile=False)
int8_text2image_pipe.unet.model = core.read_model(UNET_INT8_OV_PATH)
int8_text2image_pipe.unet.request = None


prompt = "cute cat"
image = int8_text2image_pipe(prompt, num_inference_steps=1, height=512, width=512, guidance_scale=0.0, generator=np.random.RandomState(987)).images[0]
display(image)

 Compiling the text_encoder to CPU ...
  Compiling the text_encoder_2 to CPU ...




   0%|     | 0/1 [00:00

	

	
import gc
del int8_text2image_pipe
gc.collect()

	

	從圖片到圖片生成

	
from optimum.intel import OVStableDiffusionXLImg2ImgPipeline
int8_image2image_pipe = OVStableDiffusionXLImg2ImgPipeline.from_pretrained(model_dir, compile=False)
int8_image2image_pipe.unet.model = core.read_model(UNET_INT8_OV_PATH)
int8_image2image_pipe.unet.request = None


photo_prompt = "a cute cat with bow tie"
photo_image = int8_image2image_pipe(photo_prompt, image=image, num_inference_steps=2, generator=np.random.RandomState(511), guidance_scale=0.0, strength=0.5).images[0]
display(photo_image)

	

	
  Compiling the text_encoder to CPU ...
  Compiling the text_encoder_2 to CPU ...
  Compiling the vae_encoder to CPU ...




   0%|     | 0/1 [00:00

	

	我們可以對(duì)比量化后的unet 模型大小減少，可以看到量化對(duì)模型大小的壓縮是非常顯著的

	
from pathlib import Path


model_dir = Path("./sdxl_vino_model")
UNET_OV_PATH = model_dir / "unet" / "openvino_model.xml"
UNET_INT8_OV_PATH = model_dir / "optimized_unet" / "openvino_model.xml"


fp16_ir_model_size = UNET_OV_PATH.with_suffix(".bin").stat().st_size / 1024
quantized_model_size = UNET_INT8_OV_PATH.with_suffix(".bin").stat().st_size / 1024


print(f"FP16 model size: {fp16_ir_model_size:.2f} KB")
print(f"INT8 model size: {quantized_model_size:.2f} KB")
print(f"Model compression rate: {fp16_ir_model_size / quantized_model_size:.3f}")  

	

	
  FP16 model size: 5014578.27 KB
  INT8 model size: 2513501.39 KB
  Model compression rate: 1.995

	

	運(yùn)行下列代碼可以對(duì)量化前后模型推理速度進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單比較，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)速度幾乎加速了一倍，NNCF 使我們?cè)?CPU 上生成一張圖的時(shí)間縮短到兩秒之內(nèi)：

	
FP16 pipeline latency: 3.148
INT8 pipeline latency: 1.558
Text-to-Image generation speed up: 2.020

	

	
import time
def calculate_inference_time(pipe):
  inference_time = []
  for prompt in ['cat']*10:
    start = time.perf_counter()
    _ = pipe(
      prompt,
      num_inference_steps=1,
      guidance_scale=0.0,
      generator=np.random.RandomState(23)
    ).images[0]
    end = time.perf_counter()
    delta = end - start
    inference_time.append(delta)
  return np.median(inference_time)

	

	
int8_latency = calculate_inference_time(int8_text2image_pipe)
text2image_pipe = OVStableDiffusionXLPipeline.from_pretrained(model_dir)
fp_latency = calculate_inference_time(text2image_pipe)
print(f"FP16 pipeline latency: {fp_latency:.3f}")
print(f"INT8 pipeline latency: {int8_latency:.3f}")
print(f"Text-to-Image generation speed up: {fp_latency / int8_latency:.3f}")

	

	07

	可交互前端demo

	最后，為了方便推理使用，這里附上了gradio 前端運(yùn)行demo，你可以利用他輕松生成你想要生成的圖像，并嘗試不同組合。

	
import gradio as gr
from pathlib import Path
import openvino as ov
import numpy as np


core = ov.Core()
model_dir = Path("./sdxl_vino_model")


# 如果你只有量化前模型，請(qǐng)使用這個(gè)地址并注釋 optimized_unet 地址：
# UNET_PATH = model_dir / "unet" / "openvino_model.xml"
UNET_PATH = model_dir / "optimized_unet" / "openvino_model.xml"


from optimum.intel.openvino import OVStableDiffusionXLPipeline
text2image_pipe = OVStableDiffusionXLPipeline.from_pretrained(model_dir)
text2image_pipe.unet.model = core.read_model(UNET_PATH)
text2image_pipe.unet.request = core.compile_model(text2image_pipe.unet.model)


def generate_from_text(text, seed, num_steps, height, width):
  result = text2image_pipe(text, num_inference_steps=num_steps, guidance_scale=0.0, generator=np.random.RandomState(seed), height=height, width=width).images[0]
  return result


with gr.Blocks() as demo:
  with gr.Column():
    positive_input = gr.Textbox(label="Text prompt")
    with gr.Row():
      seed_input = gr.Number(precision=0, label="Seed", value=42, minimum=0)
      steps_input = gr.Slider(label="Steps", value=1, minimum=1, maximum=4, step=1)
      height_input = gr.Slider(label="Height", value=512, minimum=256, maximum=1024, step=32)
      width_input = gr.Slider(label="Width", value=512, minimum=256, maximum=1024, step=32)
      btn = gr.Button()
    out = gr.Image(label="Result (Quantized)" , type="pil", width=512)
    btn.click(generate_from_text, [positive_input, seed_input, steps_input, height_input, width_input], out)
    gr.Examples([
      ["cute cat", 999], 
      ["underwater world coral reef, colorful jellyfish, 35mm, cinematic lighting, shallow depth of field, ultra quality, masterpiece, realistic", 89],
      ["a photo realistic happy white poodle dog playing in the grass, extremely detailed, high res, 8k, masterpiece, dynamic angle", 1569],
      ["Astronaut on Mars watching sunset, best quality, cinematic effects,", 65245],
      ["Black and white street photography of a rainy night in New York, reflections on wet pavement", 48199]
    ], [positive_input, seed_input])


try:
  demo.launch(debug=True)
except Exception:
  demo.launch(share=True, debug=True)

	

	08

	總結(jié)

	利用最新版本的OpenVINO優(yōu)化，我們可以很容易實(shí)現(xiàn)在家用設(shè)備上高效推理圖像生成AI 的能力，加速生成式AI 在世紀(jì)場(chǎng)景下的落地應(yīng)用；歡迎您與我們一同體驗(yàn)OpenVINO與NNCF 在生成式AI 場(chǎng)景上的強(qiáng)大威力。

	





	審核編輯：劉清