Connecting to the Grid， to the Net， and to You

　　工程師們設計了智能電網以提高能源效率、電網管理和高質量的電力輸送。增加智能電網的復雜性是微電網的一個相對新概念。控制功率流通過實時數據管理使用維護提供標準的能力已經變得比以往任何時候都說到連接微電網和電網系統更重要。

　　微電網已成為智能電網的重要組成部分。這些小型能源生產商已經出現在具有前瞻性的社區、校園、軍事設施和其他相關化合物中。微電網可以從公用電網供電或取電。它也可以斷開與主電網和自主操作。

　　因為幾乎任何人都可以安裝一個本地化的電力系統，確保質量標準和適當的網格同步是最重要的。實時電源管理和遙測是智能電網的重要組成部分，復雜的算法和快速、可靠的數字資源也是實現所有聯網系統平衡和優化所必需的。對微網進行連續優化，以達到最佳的功率效率和電能質量。

　　Optimizing power： smart grid

　　One of the key building blocks of a microgrid that incorporates solar PV panels is that of a micro-inverter. Such inverters typically operate below 500 Watts and are tied to the smart grid – termed ‘grid-tied’ – and use a microcontroller to perform all aspects of control. One of the MCU’s main functions is to act as a maximum power point tracker （MPPT）， processing algorithms to maximize PV power output. It also has the task of DC-AC power inversion and synchronization to the smart grid using a phase-locked loop （PLL）。 Maintaining a clean current feed to the grid while also maintaining maximum power efficiency in a PV system can be a challenge， and improving power output in a PV system by including an inverter on each solar panel， is seen as beneficial. In this way power loss due to shading can be virtually eliminated. The emergence of fast-digitizing technology and falling component costs have made this type of architecture viable. Microcontroller suppliers， such as Texas Instruments， have been proactive in providing plenty of design support to engineers wishing to embark on a micro-inverter design. For example， TI’s C2000 Piccolo microcontroller is an ideal candidate for use in digitally controlled micro-inverter applications. To assist design engineers in prototyping a design， TI provides a plethora of design resources as part of a 250 Watt grid-tied solar micro-inverter reference design， which uses the TI C2000 Piccolo isolated controlCARD. Based around the TI C2000 Piccolo F28035 MCU， the controlCARD provides all the GPIO， ADC， and power regulation components in a convenient 100 pin DIMM format. Intended for prototyping and low volume applications， it provides all the digital control elements on a single board and only requires the addition of the power conversion components to facilitate a complete end design. It also includes optoisolators for the serial bus and JTAG port connectivity， and noise filters and ADC input clamping protection. A reliable voltage reference source is also provided for use with the ADC. TI offers a comprehensive set of design resources that accompany the controlCARD and include a full BOM， schematics， test data， and design files that significantly speed the development of an inverter solution.