Miniaturization Trends in Wireless

　　本文著眼于不同的趨勢，減少無線系統(tǒng)的大小和功耗的例子，從德克薩斯儀器，赫和石灰微系統(tǒng)。從數(shù)字基帶到高度集成的RF CMOS技術(shù)和新材料，以減少功率放大器和無線功率器件的大小，在無線小型化的驅(qū)動(dòng)有許多復(fù)雜的工程權(quán)衡。組件設(shè)計(jì)也起著關(guān)鍵的趨勢，與可重構(gòu)無線設(shè)備集成更多的系統(tǒng)組件，以減少系統(tǒng)板的整體尺寸。

　　不斷增長的連接世界的需求正在推動(dòng)無線系統(tǒng)變得越來越小。能夠適應(yīng)無線鏈接到牙刷，甚至是一對骰子，是越來越多的移動(dòng)到物聯(lián)網(wǎng)（物聯(lián)網(wǎng)）和空間的一部分，是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。然而，有許多不同的優(yōu)化在無線系統(tǒng)中的小型化。短距離，低功耗無線收發(fā)器受益于CMOS制造技術(shù)與晶圓代工供應(yīng)商，包括積極進(jìn)取的過程節(jié)點(diǎn)28納米和20納米射頻庫的縮放。這些過程允許收發(fā)器，在2.4 GHz的Wi-Fi或藍(lán)牙，被集成在相同的芯片作為基帶MAC協(xié)議處理器，因此提供高性能的無線鏈路在幾平方毫米。

　　For example， the CC3100 from Texas Instruments is a Wi-Fi network processor subsystem in a 9 x 9 mm QFN package. Alongside a dedicated ARM MCU that completely offloads the host MCU， the device includes an 802.11 b/g/n radio， baseband， and MAC with a crypto engine for fast， secure Internet connections with 256-bit encryption. All this reduces the footprint of a Wi-Fi node for the IoT， and the CC3100 supports Station， Access Point and Wi-Fi Direct modes along with embedded TCP/IP and TLS/SSL stacks， HTTP server and multiple Internet protocols.

　　The miniaturization is enhanced with an integrated power management subsystem that includes integrated DC-DC converters supporting a wide range of supply voltages. This enables low-power consumption modes， such as ‘the hibernate’ with RTC mode requiring about 4 μA of current and also removes the need for external power management devices that occupy additional board space.

　　The CC3100 device can connect to any 8， 16， or 32-bit MCU over the SPI or UART Interface and the device driver minimizes the host memory footprint requirements requiring less than 7 KB of code memory and just 700 bytes of RAM for a TCP client application， reducing the need for external memory.